Yuri Gagarin
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Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet aviator, was the world's first cosmonaut. On 12 April 1961, he flew on the spacecraft Vostok 1 and orbited the Earth once in 1 hour and 29 minutes. Gagarin’s flight in Vostok 1 was an astounding achievement that began humankind’s entry into space. However, he never went into space again instead he toook part in training other cosmonauts.
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Sally Ride
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Sally Ride was an American astronaut and physicist. She was the first American woman in space and the third woman in space overall, after USSR cosmonauts Valentina Tereshkova (1963) and Svetlana Savitskaya (1982).
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Katherine Johnson
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Katherine Johnson was an African American physicist and mathematician. She was 1 of the first 3 black people allowed to study at West Virginia University.
She was also known for accuracy in computerized celestial navigation. She made it possible for many space flights such as Project Mercury, including the early NASA missions of John Glenn and Alan Shepard, and the 1969 Apollo 11 flight to the Moon, through the Space Shuttle program to happen. Her calculations were critical to the success of these missions.
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Neil Armstrong
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Neil Armstrong was an American astronaut and engineer and is known as the first person to walk on the moon. On 16 July 1969, he left for the moon in the Apollo 11 spacecraft with other fellow astronauts. Four days later, they landed safely on the moon’s surface and as Neil Armstrong stepped onto the Moon’s dusty surface, he spoke the now famous words, “That’s one small step for [a] man, one giant leap for mankind.”
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Valentina Tereshkova
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Valentina Tereshkova is a member of the Russian State Duma, engineer, and former cosmonaut. She is the first and youngest woman to have flown in space with a solo mission on the Vostok 6 on 16 June 1963. She orbited the Earth 48 times, spent almost three days in space, and remains the only woman to have been on a solo space mission.
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Mae Jemison
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Trained as a physician and engineer, Mae Jemison was the first African American woman to become an astronaut. In 1992 she spent eight days orbiting the Earth as a science mission specialist aboard the space shuttle Endeavour.
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Jemison left NASA in 1993 and founded a technology research company. She also wrote several books for children and appeared on television several times, including in a 1993 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. Jemison holds several honorary doctorates and has been inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame and the International Space Hall of Fame.
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