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Alessandro Volta was a physicist, chemist and a pioneer of electrical science. He invented the Voltaic pile, the first ever battery in 1799. Later on, the unit for electric potential is named in his honour as the volt or voltage, in recognition of his contributions to science.
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Charles Darwin was an English scientist who studied nature. Known for his theory of evolution by natural selection, he describes his ideas in his important book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859).
Alfred Russel Wallace in Singapore in 1862
(Image source: biblioasia.nlb.gov.sg)
Alfred Russel Wallace was a British naturalist, explorer, biologist and social activist. Like Charles Darwin, he came up with the theory of natural selection. The theory was published together with Charles Darwin's idea.
Carl von Linné, Alexander Roslin, 1775
(oil on canvas, Gripsholm Castle)
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Carolus Linnaeus was a Swedish naturalist. He created two scientific systems: the system for classifying plants and animals and the system for naming all living things. Linnaeus is also called the Father of Systematic Botany. Botany is the study of plants.
Marie Maynard Daly working in her lab, ca. 1960.
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Marie Maynard Daly was an American biochemist whose research helped advance the fields of molecular biology, cell metabolism, and cardiovascular disease. She was the first African American woman to earn a Ph.D. degree in chemistry in the United States.
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Ibn al-Haytham or Alhazen was a pioneering scientific thinker who made major breakthroughs in understanding light and vision. Today, many consider him a pivotal figure in the history of optics and the “Father of modern Optics”.
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British scientist Jane Goodall was best known for her exceptionally detailed and long-term research on the chimpanzees of Gombe Stream National Park in Tanzania. Over the years she was able to correct a number of misunderstandings about these animals.
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Justus Liebig helped to make chemistry useful in people’s daily lives. He has been described as the "father of the fertilizer industry" for his emphasis on nitrogen and trace minerals as essential plant nutrients. He also studied foods and promoted the use of baking powder to make lighter bread, studied the chemistry of coffee-making, and developed a breast-milk substitute for babies who could not suckle as well as a manufacturing process for beef extracts.
Image source: Britannica School
The term Renaissance man was coined to describe the genius of Leonardo da Vinci. He is famous for his paintings, but he was also a scientist, mathematician, engineer, inventor, anatomist, sculptor, architect, botanist, musician, and a writer. Leonardo was fascinated with human anatomy and did anatomical studies and drawings of the skeleton, muscles and human proportion.
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Marie Curie was a Polish physicist, chemist, and feminist. She researched radioactivity. She was the first woman professor at the University of Paris. She was also the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the first person to win two Nobel Prizes.
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Nikola Tesla was a inventor, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer, and physicist. He is best known for his part in the design of the modern alternating current (AC) electricity supply system. His work with electricity led to many advances in communication and technology.
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From a young age Percy Shaw designed and invented things, with varying degrees of success. His most famous invention was the 'Cat's Eye', inspired by the light from his car reflected in the eyes of a cat which helped him find the road’s edge when he was driving down a steep winding road on a dark foggy night.
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William Richard Shaboe Doll is considered one of the most important medical scientists of the twentieth century and played a major part in preventing many millions of premature deaths from smoking.
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Thomas Young was a English physician and physicist who established the principle of interference of light and thus resurrected the century-old wave theory of light. He was also an Egyptologist who helped decipher the Rosetta Stone.
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Sir Alexander Fleming was a Scottish biologist and pharmacologist. He is best known for discovering the antibiotic substance penicillin in 1928. He shared Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 for this discovery with Howard Walter Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. His accidental finding of penicillin in the year 1928 marked the start of today's antibiotics.